Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation:

• HSCT is utilized for a range of disorders, including cancers and nonneoplastic diseases.
• Indications for autologous and allogeneic transplants differ based on the type of cancer.

Conditioning Regimen and Immune Recovery:

• A conditioning regimen is utilized before transplantation to eradicate malignant cells.
• Post-transplant, immune system recovery follows predictable patterns.

Posttransplant Phases:

• The posttransplant period is divided into preengraftment, early posttransplant, and late posttransplant phases.
• Each phase has distinct characteristics based on immune system recovery.

ICU Admission Indications:

• ICU admission for HSCT recipients is common due to potentially life-threatening complications.
• Pulmonary complications are a major reason for ICU admission.

Infectious Complications:

• Allogeneic transplant recipients are more prone to infectious complications.
• Prophylactic strategies have reduced the occurrence of certain infections.

Bacterial Pneumonia:

• Bacterial pneumonia is prevalent during the preengraftment period.
• Initiating broad-spectrum antibiotics promptly is crucial in suspected cases.

Aspergillus Infection:

• Invasive aspergillosis remains a significant complication post-HSCT.