1. Historical Perspective:

• Pediatric surgeons recognized the lethal combination of pulmonary compromise and impaired renal function caused by increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP).
• Vascular surgeons popularized the use of high IAP as a criterion for re-exploration.

1. Introduction of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS):

• ACS became widely recognized after an epidemic emerged in high-volume trauma centers.
• With the development of trauma systems, severely bleeding patients were triaged into level 1 trauma centers.

1. Advancements in Damage Control Surgery:

• Stone and colleagues introduced the concept of abbreviated surgery for acute restoration of physiology and later staged definitive surgery.
• Nonresectional management of major liver injuries with perihepatic packing and midline abdominal closure became widespread.

1. Prevention and Management of ACS:

• Presumptive placement of pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) was promoted to guide oxygen delivery resuscitation.
• Monitoring of IAP and consensus treatment guidelines were developed.

1. Improved Trauma Care:

• Advancements in initial management, such as focused abdominal sonography of trauma (FAST) examination, rapid triage to the operating room, and massive transfusion protocols (MTPs), decreased the occurrence of ACS in trauma ICUs.
• Early recognition and treatment have led to improved survival rates.

1. ACS in Various Clinical Scenarios:

• ACS can occur in conditions like extreme constipation, ovarian hyperstimulation, noninvasive ventilation, pancreatitis, and severe burns.
• Timely diagnosis and treatment have increased the survival rate of afflicted patients.

1. Terminology and Classification of Abdominal Compartments:

• IAP is the pressure in the abdominal cavity, and monitoring with the intravesical technique is the most reliable method.