Introduction:

• TBI is a global issue with 10 million cases annually, mainly affecting ages 1-45 in the US.
• It is classified by mechanism, clinical severity, and primary/secondary injuries.

Prehospital care:

• Immediate prehospital care for TBI patients is crucial in preventing secondary injuries.
• Securing the airway and avoiding hypotension are primary concerns.

Pathophysiology:

• Monitoring ICP, MAP, and cerebral perfusion is essential in TBI management.
• Maintaining homeostasis is key in preventing intracranial hypertension.

Forms of primary brain injury:

• Epidural hematoma occurs between the skull and dura, often causing a lucid interval.
• Bleeding in subdural hematomas results from torn bridging veins over the cortex.

Epidural hematoma:

• EDHs develop between skull and dura, commonly from disruption of middle meningeal artery.
• Patients may experience a brief loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval.

Subdural hematoma:

• Develops between brain surface and dura, seen as crescent-shaped hyperdensity on CT.
• Caused by tearing of bridging veins or major venous sinuses.

Glasgow coma scale:

• Assesses consciousness following TBI.